by Joseph Dinkins
Colaborador / Contributor: Michel
by Joseph Dinkins
Colaborador / Contributor: Michel
Louis Armstrong, Harry James, Django Reinhardt, Tommy Dorsey, Gene Krupa, George Shearing, Charlie Shavers, Oscar Aleman, Charlie Parker, Fats Waller, Duke Ellington, Ahmad Jamal, Sarah Vaughan …
by Joseph Dinkins
Colaborador / Contributor: Mich58
Jazz manouche—a genre known best for its energetic, guitar-centric
swing tunes—is among France’s most celebrated musical practices of the
twentieth and twenty-first centuries. It centers on the recorded work of
famed guitarist Django Reinhardt and is named for the ethnoracial
subgroup of Romanies (also known, often pejoratively, as “Gypsies”) to
which Reinhardt belonged. French Manouches are publicly lauded as
bearers of this jazz tradition, and many take pleasure and pride in the
practice while at the same time facing pervasive discrimination. Jazz
manouche uncovers a contradiction at the heart of France’s
assimilationist republican ideals: the music is portrayed as
quintessentially French even as Manouches themselves endure treatment as
racial others.
In this book, Siv B. Lie explores how this
music is used to construct divergent ethnoracial and national identities
in a context where discussions of race are otherwise censured. Weaving
together ethnographic and historical analysis, Lie shows that jazz
manouche becomes a source of profound ambivalence as it generates
ethnoracial difference and socioeconomic exclusion. As the first
full-length ethnographic study of French jazz to be published in
English, this book enriches anthropological, ethnomusicological, and
historical scholarship on global jazz, race and ethnicity, and
citizenship while showing how music can be an important but insufficient
tool in struggles for racial and economic justice.
Django Reinhardt es sin lugar a dudas el guitarrista europeo de jazz más importante y trascendente del siglo xx. El hecho de pertenecer a la estirpe manouche y de que se convirtiera en una gran figura de la música de su tiempo a pesar de que la mano izquierda se le abrasara parcialmente durante un incendio en la caravana en la que vivía, le confieren un halo innegable de misticismo y de magia. Apoyados en documentación amplia y variada y las declaraciones de testigos directos y músicos contemporáneos del artista, los autores narran gran parte su leyenda desvelando datos y circunstancias, muchas veces, poco conocidos. Así como todo lujo de detalles sobre la fundación y pormenores del Quintette du Hot Club de France junto a su compañero de aventuras musicales, el gran violinista galo Stéphane Grappelli.
Django Reinhardt was arguably the greatest guitarist who ever
lived, an important influence on Les Paul, Charlie Christian, B.B. King,
Jerry Garcia, Chet Atkins, and many others. Yet there is no major
biography of Reinhardt.
Now, in Django,
Michael Dregni offers a definitive portrait of this great guitarist.
Handsome, charismatic, childlike, and unpredictable, Reinhardt was a
character out of a picaresque novel. Born in a gypsy caravan at a
crossroads in Belgium, he was almost killed in a freak fire that burned
half of his body and left his left hand twisted into a claw. But with
this maimed left hand flying over the frets and his right hand plucking
at dizzying speed, Django became Europe's most famous jazz musician,
commanding exorbitant fees--and spending the money as fast as he made
it. Dregni not only chronicles this remarkably colorful life--including a
fascinating account of gypsy culture--but he also sheds much light on
Django's musicianship. He examines his long musical partnership with
violinist Stéphane Grappelli--the one suave and smooth, the other
sharper and more dissonant--and he traces the evolution of their novel
string jazz ensemble, Quintette du Hot Club de France. Indeed, the author
spotlights
Django's amazing musical diversity, describing his swing-styled Nouveau
Quintette, his big band Django's Music, and his later bebop ensemble,
as well as his many compositions, including symphonic pieces influenced
by Ravel and Debussy and his unfinished organ mass inspired by Bach. And
along the way, the author offers vivid snapshots of the jazz scene in
Paris--colorful portraits of Josephine Baker, Bricktop, Louis Armstrong,
Coleman Hawkins, and countless others--and of Django's vagabond
wanderings around France, Europe, and the United States, where he toured
with Duke Ellington.
Capturing the extraordinary life and times of one of the great musicians of the twentieth century, Django is a must-read portrait of a true original.
by Joseph Dinkins
Django Reinhardt has astounded and thrilled numerous generations of
guitar players and jazz lovers with his amazing command of the guitar.
January 24th, 1910 at Liberchies Belgium, Django was born into the open
air, rambling lifestyle of his gypsy parents. At the age of eight, his
mother's tribe settled near the belt of fortifications that surrounded
the old Paris, near the Choisy gate. He never wore a suit or lived in a
real house until he was twenty years old. These French Gypsies or
Manouches were a world unto themselves, medieval in their beliefs, and
distrustful of modern science. Django grew up in this world of
contradictions, one foot in the bustling big city of Paris and the other
in the age-old life of the nomadic gypsy. Though born into poverty
Django had the soul of a nobleman and this natural elegance of bearing
and attitude expressed itself in his music.
It was at an
early age Django became attracted to music. When twelve years old he
received his first instrument, a banjo/guitar that was given to him by a
neighbor who had noticed his keen interest in music. He quickly learned
to play, mimicking the fingerings of musicians he watched. He was soon
astounding adults with his ability on the guitar, and before he was
thirteen he began his musical career playing with popular accordionist
Guerino at a dance hall on the Rue Monge. He went on to play with
numerous other bands and musicians and made his first recordings with
accordionist Jean Vaissade for the Ideal Company. Since Django could not
read or write at the time "Jiango Renard" was how his name appeared on
these records.
On November 2nd, 1928 an event took place that
would forever change Django's life. At one o'clock in the morning the
18 year old Django returned from a night of playing music at a new club
"La Java" to the caravan that was now the home of himself and his new
wife. The caravan was filled with celluloid flowers his wife had made to
sell at the market on the following day. Django upon hearing what he
thought was a mouse among the flowers bent down with a candle to look.
The wick from the candle fell into the highly flammable celluloid
flowers and the caravan was almost instantly transformed into a raging
inferno. Django wrapped himself in a blanket to shield him from the
flames. Somehow he and his wife made it across the blazing room to
safety outside, but his left hand, and his right side from knee to waist
were badly burned.
Initially doctors wanted to amputate his
leg but Django refused. He was moved to a nursing home where the care
was so good his leg was saved. Django was bedridden for eighteen months.
During this time he was given a guitar, and with great determination
Django created a whole new fingering system built around the two fingers
on his left hand that had full mobility. His fourth and fifth digits of
the left hand were permanently curled towards the palm due to the
tendons shrinking from the heat of the fire. He could use them on the
first two strings of the guitar for chords and octaves but complete
extension of these fingers was impossible. His soloing was all done with
the index and middle fingers! Film clips of Django show his technique
to be graceful and precise, almost defying belief.
Django was
influenced by jazz recordings of Eddie Lang and Joe Venuti, Louis
Armstrong and Duke Ellington. This new music found a place deep in
Django's heart. It provided the perfect vehicle for his prodigious
talent for improvisation. Django rarely if ever played a solo the same
way twice. Numerous recordings prove this to be true. His creative
genius was not only that of the master improviser, but also that of the
composer, and he can be credited with numerous pieces with beautiful
melodies and sophisticated, subtle harmonic structures. However, Django
could not read or write musical notation and he was at the mercy of
others that could to get his ideas down on paper.
1934 proved
to be the most important year of his life. The Quintet of the Hot Club
of France was born! As the fates would have it, the Quintet was formed
by a chance meeting of Django and Stéphane Grappelli. A band of fourteen
musicians including Django, Stéphane, Roger Chaput, and Louis Vola were
commissioned to play at the Hotel Cambridge at teatime. During
intermission Django would find a corner backstage and play his guitar.
One day Stéphane joined in and both were so pleased with the exchange
they went on to play together more and more frequently joined by Roger
Chaput (guitar), Louis Vola (bass), and eventually Django's brother
Joseph (guitar). A small record company Ultraphone recorded their first
sides Dinah, Tiger Rag, Oh Lady be Good, and I Saw Stars. These first
records caused a sensation! The Quintet went on to record hundreds of
sides and had a following on both sides of the ocean.
1939
found the Quintet touring in England when the war broke out. Django
returned to Paris while Stéphane remained in England. Django played and
recorded throughout the war years substituting Hubert Rostaing's
clarinet for Stephen's violin. He somehow avoided the fate of many of
his kinfolk who went to their deaths in the Nazi concentration camps.
After the war he was rejoined by Stéphane and they again played and
recorded. He toured briefly with Duke Ellington in America and returned
to Paris where he continued his career until 1951 when he retired to the
small village of Samois sur Seine.
On May 16th 1953 Django
suffered a massive brain hemorrhage and died, leaving behind his wife
Sophie and son Babik. His music remains as vital and exciting today as
it was when he lived, a legacy of joy to all future generations that
rediscover the genius of the Belgian gypsy Django Reinhardt.
http://www.redhotjazz.com/django.html
///////
por Joseph Dinkins
Django Reinhardt ha asombrado y emocionado a numerosas generaciones de
guitarristas y amantes del jazz con su increíble dominio de la guitarra.
El 24 de enero de 1910 en Liberchies Belgium, Django nació al aire
libre, en el estilo de vida de sus padres gitanos. A la edad de ocho
años, la tribu de su madre se estableció cerca del cinturón de
fortificaciones que rodeaba el viejo París, cerca de la puerta de
Choisy. Nunca usó un traje ni vivió en una casa de verdad hasta que
cumplió veinte años. Estos gitanos o manuches franceses eran un mundo en
sí mismos, de creencias medievales y desconfiados de la ciencia
moderna. Django creció en este mundo de contradicciones, un pie en la
bulliciosa gran ciudad de París y el otro en la vida milenaria de los
gitanos nómadas. Aunque nació en la pobreza, Django tenía el alma de un
noble y esta elegancia natural de porte y actitud se expresaba en su
música.
Fue a una edad temprana cuando Django se sintió
atraído por la música. A los doce años recibió su primer instrumento, un
banjo/guitarra que le regaló un vecino que había notado su gran interés
por la música. Rápidamente aprendió a tocar, imitando las digitaciones
de los músicos que veía. Pronto se convirtió en un adulto asombroso por
su habilidad con la guitarra, y antes de cumplir los trece años comenzó
su carrera musical tocando con el popular acordeonista Guerino en un
salón de baile de la Rue Monge. A continuación, tocó con muchos otros
grupos y músicos e hizo sus primeras grabaciones con el acordeonista
Jean Vaissade para la Compañía Ideal. Como Django no sabía leer ni
escribir en ese momento, "Jiango Renard" era la forma en que su nombre
aparecía en estos registros.
El 2 de noviembre de 1928 tuvo
lugar un evento que cambiaría para siempre la vida de Django. A la una
de la mañana, Django, de 18 años, regresó de una noche de música en un
nuevo club "La Java" a la caravana que ahora era su casa y la de su
nueva esposa. La caravana estaba llena de flores de celuloide que su
esposa había hecho para vender en el mercado al día siguiente. Django al
escuchar lo que él pensaba que era un ratón entre las flores se inclinó
con una vela para mirar. La mecha de la vela cayó en las flores de
celuloide altamente inflamables y la caravana se transformó casi
instantáneamente en un furioso infierno. Django se envolvió en una manta
para protegerse de las llamas. De alguna manera, él y su esposa
lograron cruzar la habitación ardiente para estar a salvo afuera, pero
su mano izquierda y su lado derecho desde la rodilla hasta la cintura
estaban gravemente quemados.
Inicialmente los médicos querían
amputarle la pierna, pero Django se negó. Fue trasladado a un hogar de
ancianos donde los cuidados fueron tan buenos que su pierna se salvó.
Django estuvo en cama durante dieciocho meses. Durante este tiempo se le
dio una guitarra, y con gran determinación Django creó todo un nuevo
sistema de digitación construido alrededor de los dos dedos de su mano
izquierda que tenían total movilidad. Su cuarto y quinto dígitos de la
mano izquierda estaban permanentemente curvados hacia la palma debido a
que los tendones se encogían por el calor del fuego. Podía usarlos en
las dos primeras cuerdas de la guitarra para acordes y octavas, pero la
extensión completa de estos dedos era imposible. Su solo fue todo hecho
con los dedos índice y medio! Películas de Django muestran su técnica
para ser grácil y preciso, casi increíble.
Django fue
influenciado por las grabaciones de jazz de Eddie Lang y Joe Venuti,
Louis Armstrong y Duke Ellington. Esta nueva música encontró un lugar en
el corazón de Django. Proporcionó el vehículo perfecto para su
prodigioso talento para la improvisación. Django rara vez o nunca tocó
un solo de la misma manera dos veces. Numerosas grabaciones demuestran
que esto es cierto. Su genio creativo no era sólo el del maestro
improvisador, sino también el del compositor, y se le pueden atribuir
numerosas piezas con bellas melodías y estructuras armónicas
sofisticadas y sutiles. Sin embargo, Django no sabía leer ni escribir
notación musical y estaba a merced de otros que podían poner sus ideas
por escrito.
1934 fue el año más importante de su vida. El
Quinteto del Club Caliente de Francia ha nacido! El Quinteto fue formado
por un encuentro casual de Django y Stéphane Grappelli. Una banda de
catorce músicos, entre ellos Django, Stéphane, Roger Chaput y Louis
Vola, fueron comisionados para tocar en el Hotel Cambridge a la hora del
té. Durante el intermedio, Django encontraba un rincón entre bastidores
y tocaba la guitarra. Un día Stéphane se unió y ambos estaban tan
contentos con el intercambio que tocaron juntos cada vez más a menudo
con Roger Chaput (guitarra), Louis Vola (bajo), y finalmente el hermano
de Django, Joseph (guitarra). Una pequeña compañía discográfica
Ultraphone grabó sus primeros equipos Dinah, Tiger Rag, Oh Lady Be Good,
y I Saw Stars. Estos primeros discos causaron sensación! El Quinteto
grabó cientos de caras y tuvo seguidores a ambos lados del océano.
En 1939 encontró el Quinteto de gira por Inglaterra cuando estalló la
guerra. Django regresó a París mientras que Stéphane permaneció en
Inglaterra. Django tocó y grabó durante los años de la guerra
sustituyendo el clarinete de Hubert Rostaing por el violín de Stephen.
De alguna manera evitó el destino de muchos de sus parientes que
murieron en los campos de concentración nazis. Después de la guerra,
Stéphane se unió a él y volvieron a tocar y grabar. Viajó brevemente con
Duke Ellington en América y regresó a París, donde continuó su carrera
hasta 1951, cuando se retiró a la pequeña aldea de Samois sur Seine.
El 16 de mayo de 1953 Django sufrió una hemorragia cerebral masiva y
murió, dejando atrás a su esposa Sophie y a su hijo Babik. Su música
sigue siendo tan vital y emocionante hoy como lo fue cuando vivió, un
legado de alegría para todas las generaciones futuras que redescubren el
genio del gitano belga Django Reinhardt.
http://www.redhotjazz.com/django.html